Analogy Phenomenon

In classical evolutionary theory analogous organs serve the same function but arose from a different evolutionary origin. In Fauceir Theory analogous fauceirs are defined accordingly.

Rational

For evolution to adapt it is sometimes easier to invent a new organ than than to copy an other, even if mobile DNA is considered. A builder would use the raw material at hand rather than importing it.

Examples

• The classical example is the wing in insects and birds.
• Behavioral patterns show homology too.
• Even social behavior from evolutionary distant species can be analogous. The rooster behavior of some human males.

Homology Phenomenon

Etymology

The term homology in evolutionary theory derives from the detection of homologous organs. Such organs in closely related species (taxa) share a common ancestor and therefore posses a similar genetic background. Often those homologous organs have different functions.

Rational

The rational of that rule is that it is easier for evolution to adamt an existing fauceir than to invent an entirely new one.

Examples

Examples of homologous organs exist abound in all textbooks of evolution.

• The extremities of vertebrates. Not only serve the extremities of vertebrates so different functions as swimming (wales), flying (birds, bats), and running (deer), but also demonstrates the wide variety of functionality in the group of highest evolved organisms that the aim of evolution is increased adaptability.
• Examples of behavioral homology in entomology and the difficulties to separate them from analogies are discussed by Wenzel [1].

References

1. J W Wenzel, „Behavioral Homology and Phylogeny“, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23, Nr. 1 (November 1992): 361-381.